Prevalence and subtypes of glaucoma in rural Baso and Worena district, Central Ethiopia.

Abstract

Objective: This study aimed to determine the prevalence and sub-types of glaucoma in the rural communities of Baso and Worena District in the Amhara region of Central Ethiopia.

Methods: In October 2020, a prospective cross-sectional study was conducted in Baso and Worena District. The district’s total population was 12,489, and a random sample of 405 individuals aged 40 years and above was selected. The principal investigator performed various tests, including a visual acuity test, intraocular pressure measurement, pupillary reaction assessment, handheld slit lamp examination, and fundoscopy. Diagnosed glaucoma patients were transported to Debre-Berhan Hospital, where an experienced ophthalmologist confirmed the diagnosis. Glaucoma was defined and diagnosed using the International Society of Geographical and Epidemiological Ophthalmology criteria as primary open-angle, primary angle-closure, or secondary
glaucoma.

Results: Four hundred and five individuals from four villages were examined, and optic disc grading was available for the participants’ 399 (98.5%) eyes. Among them, 23 individuals (5.7%) were diagnosed to have glaucoma. Primary open-angle glaucoma (52.3%) and pseudo-exfoliative glaucoma (39.1%) were the most prevalent subtypes. There was one case (4.3%) each of primary angle-closure glaucoma and uveitic glaucoma. In addition to the glaucoma cases, there were three cases of glaucoma suspects and eight cases of pseudoexfoliation syndrome.

Conclusion: The study revealed a high prevalence of glaucoma in Baso and Worena District, Central Ethiopia. Most cases belonged to the sub-types of primary open-angle glaucoma and pseudoexfoliative glaucoma. These findings highlight the need for a public health approach to address the morbidity and blindness associated with glaucoma in the region.